By Richard O’Sullivan, Quiet! Acoustic and Vibration Consulting
The requirement was to develop a ‘standard’ test for assessing the sound quality of power steering pumps in vehicles. Measurements needed to be objective so that the method would be suitable for evaluating dissimilar vehicles and different types of pump.
Noise is an important consideration when a consumer is selecting a new vehicle. It is therefore imperative that every aspect of the vehicle’s acoustic profile is thoroughly understood and refined.
From an end user point of view the assessment criterion is simply how much will the driver or passengers hear the pump noise in relation to the vehicle background noise. That is, will the pump produce, what may be called, audible tones with the vehicle in different operating conditions. read »»»
By Dr Colin Mercer, Technical Director, Prosig
Order cuts are taken from a set of FFTs, each one at a different rpm. The rms level is then found as the Square root of the Sum of the squares of each of the FFT values. Mathematically, if Xks is the modulus (magnitude) of the kth value of the FFT at speed s for k = 1…N-1 then the rms value at that speed is given by
This takes into account the entire energy at that speed both the order and the non order components, including any noise. read »»»
By Dr Colin Mercer, Technical Director, Prosig
One would expect that averaging waterfalls and then extracting orders would give the same result as extracting orders from individual waterfalls and then averaging them. This is not the case. read »»»
By Dr Colin Mercer, Technical Director, Prosig
Fourier analysis takes a signal and represents it either as a series of cosines (real part) and sines (imaginary part) or as a cosine with phase (modulus and phase form). As an illustration we will look at Fourier analysing the sum of the two sine waves read »»»
By Dr Colin Mercer, Technical Director, Prosig
The most common form of digitising data is to use a regular time based method. That is data is sampled at a constant rate specified as a number of samples/second. The Nyquist frequency, fN, is defined such that fN = SampleRate/2. As discussed elsewhere Shannons Sampling Theorem tells us that if the signal we are sampling is band limited so that all the information is at frequencies less than fN then we are alias free and have a valid digitised signal. Furthermore the theorem assures us that we have all the available information on the signal. read »»»
By Dr Colin Mercer, Technical Director, Prosig
To illustrate the use of the cross correlation function, a source location example is shown below. For this it is assumed there is a noise source at some unknown position between 2 microphones. A cross correlation technique and a transfer function like approach were used to determine the location. read »»»
By Dr Colin Mercer, Technical Director, Prosig
Sometimes we have digitised data at a much higher rate than we need. How can we reduce the sampling rate? If I wanted to say halve the sample rate can I just throw away every other data point?
The answer is NO, except in pathological conditions where you know that there is no frequency content above the new Nyquist frequency. read »»»
